Step-by-step Problem Based learning Model
John Dewey, an American education expert, outlines six steps in this problem-based learning:A. Formulate the problem. The teacher guides the learner to determine the problem to be solved in the learning process, even though the teacher has actually defined the problem.B. Analyze the problem. Step learners review the problem critically from different points of view.C. Formulate hypotheses. Step learners formulate various possible solutions according to the knowledge they have.D. Collecting data. Step learners seek and describe the various information needed to solve the problem.E. Hypothesis testing. Step learners in formulating and drawing conclusions in accordance with the acceptance and rejection of the proposed hypothesisF. Formulate problem-solving recommendations. Step learners describe recommendations that can be done according to the formulation of hypothesis testing results and formulation of conclusions.
Meanwhile, according to David Johnson & Johnson describes the 5 steps through group activities:A. Define the problem. Formulate problems from certain events that contain conflict until learners are clear with the issues being studied. In this case the teacher asks the learner's opinion about the issue under review.B. Diagnose the problem, ie determine the causes of the problem.C. Formulate alternative strategies. Test any action that has been formulated through class discussions.D. Determine & implement preferred strategies. Decision-making on which strategy is performed.E. Evaluate. Both process evaluation and result evaluation.In general the steps of this learning model are:A. Realizing Problems. It starts with an awareness of the problem to be solved. The ability that learners have to achieve is that learners can determine or capture the gaps felt by humans and the social environment.B. Formulating Problems. The formulation of the problem relates to clarity and common perception of the problem and related to the data that must be collected. It is expected that learners can determine the priority of the problem.C. Formulating Hypotheses. Learners are expected to determine the cause of the problem to be resolved and can determine the various possible solutions to the problem.D. Collecting data. Learners are encouraged to collect relevant data. The expected ability is that learners can collect data and map and present it in various views so that it is understood.E. Testing Hypothesis. Learners are expected to have a reviewing and discussing skills to see the relationship with the problem being tested.F. Determining the Settlement Options. The ability to select possible settlement alternatives can be made and may take into account the possibilities that may occur with respect to the alternatives it chooses.
John Dewey, an American education expert, outlines six steps in this problem-based learning:A. Formulate the problem. The teacher guides the learner to determine the problem to be solved in the learning process, even though the teacher has actually defined the problem.B. Analyze the problem. Step learners review the problem critically from different points of view.C. Formulate hypotheses. Step learners formulate various possible solutions according to the knowledge they have.D. Collecting data. Step learners seek and describe the various information needed to solve the problem.E. Hypothesis testing. Step learners in formulating and drawing conclusions in accordance with the acceptance and rejection of the proposed hypothesisF. Formulate problem-solving recommendations. Step learners describe recommendations that can be done according to the formulation of hypothesis testing results and formulation of conclusions.
Meanwhile, according to David Johnson & Johnson describes the 5 steps through group activities:A. Define the problem. Formulate problems from certain events that contain conflict until learners are clear with the issues being studied. In this case the teacher asks the learner's opinion about the issue under review.B. Diagnose the problem, ie determine the causes of the problem.C. Formulate alternative strategies. Test any action that has been formulated through class discussions.D. Determine & implement preferred strategies. Decision-making on which strategy is performed.E. Evaluate. Both process evaluation and result evaluation.In general the steps of this learning model are:A. Realizing Problems. It starts with an awareness of the problem to be solved. The ability that learners have to achieve is that learners can determine or capture the gaps felt by humans and the social environment.B. Formulating Problems. The formulation of the problem relates to clarity and common perception of the problem and related to the data that must be collected. It is expected that learners can determine the priority of the problem.C. Formulating Hypotheses. Learners are expected to determine the cause of the problem to be resolved and can determine the various possible solutions to the problem.D. Collecting data. Learners are encouraged to collect relevant data. The expected ability is that learners can collect data and map and present it in various views so that it is understood.E. Testing Hypothesis. Learners are expected to have a reviewing and discussing skills to see the relationship with the problem being tested.F. Determining the Settlement Options. The ability to select possible settlement alternatives can be made and may take into account the possibilities that may occur with respect to the alternatives it chooses.
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Author : Dede Setyono
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